Industrial development status and challenges of antibacterial materials and their application technologies at home and abroad
Dr. Li Bizhong
Researcher, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Doctoral Supervisor, Chairman of Beijing Chonggao Nano Technology Co., Ltd. Room 2407, Kefang Building, Beijing Chemical Industry Research Institute, Xihua, Qinghai, Beijing, China
TEL: 010-62654047 (FAX), 62654497, E-mail:
I. Development of foreign antibacterial materials and their application technologies
The core component of the antimicrobial material is an antimicrobial agent. Antibacterial agents are highly sensitive chemical components such as bacteria and molds. A very small amount of antibacterial agent is added to ordinary materials to make an antibacterial material. Antibacterial agents can be classified into organic, inorganic and natural categories.
Organic antibacterial agents include a variety of traditional antibacterial fungicides. The organic antibacterial agent has strong bactericidal power and good effect, and has abundant sources, but it has poor toxicity safety, microbial resistance, poor heat resistance and easy migration. Natural antibacterial agents have poor heat resistance and narrow application range. Inorganic antibacterial agents have the advantages of long-lasting and non-resistance, especially their outstanding heat resistance (>600-1000 oC), which has attracted much attention in recent years in the fields of plastics, chemical fiber, ceramics and other materials. The inorganic antibacterial agent generally contains a metal ion component such as silver, zinc or copper and an inorganic carrier such as zeolite, phosphate, hydroxyapatite, soluble glass, etc., and has a sustained release effect to enhance the antibacterial long-acting property. Silver ions have strong antibacterial properties, but they are chemically active and easily converted into brown silver oxide or reduced to black single elemental silver, which is discolored. In addition, the high cost of using silver is high.
The large-scale application of modern antibacterial materials began in the Second World War. The Germans wore military uniforms that were processed by antibacterial finishing, which reduced the bacterial infection and injury reduction of the wounded. After the 1960s, antibacterial hygienic fabrics began to be promoted in civilian products. Antibacterial agents for antibacterial finishing are mainly strong antibacterial chemicals such as organotin and chlorophenol. After the mid-1980s, a variety of quaternary ammonium salt silane antibacterial finishing agents were developed.
In the 1980s, the successful development of antibacterial fibers made the long-term effectiveness of antibacterial textiles better guaranteed. In the processing of synthetic fibers, a specific antibacterial agent is added to produce antibacterial fibers in chemical raw materials. The antibacterial agent may be an organic antibacterial agent or an inorganic antibacterial agent.
With the rapid development of petrochemicals, plastic products have become an indispensable necessity in daily life. According to reports, in 1997 the world's plastic production reached 135 million tons, and increased by 5% annually. Since the 1980s, the development of antibacterial plastics and its wide application in home appliances, kitchen and bathroom facilities, communications, daily necessities, automobiles, building materials, toys and other industries have made antibacterial materials enter a stage of rapid development. Among them, European and American countries are mainly used in end products such as daily necessities and toys. Japan uses antibacterial materials in all areas of home appliances, daily necessities, automobiles, kitchen and bathroom facilities, and communications products.
The development and application of Japanese inorganic antibacterial agents is leading the world. The market share of antibacterial agents of several major manufacturers such as Dendrobium, Shinagawa, East Asia, 锺, and Panasonic is over 80% of the entire Japanese market. In 1999, sales of antibacterial agents reached 28 billion yen, of which inorganic antibacterial agents accounted for 6 billion yen. The price of antibacterial agents has dropped from 1,200-13,000 yen/Kg in 1994 to 7,600 yen/kg in 1999. Japan had about 35,000 tons of antibacterial plastics in 1996, and reached about 74,000 tons (600 billion yen) in 1999. The per capita level is much higher than that of Europe and the United States.
Antibacterial materials in Europe and the United States mainly use organic antibacterial agents. Such as Switzerland's Ciba refinement, the United States' Microban, Morton, Acros, ARP, Huels, Ferro, Troy and other companies. Recently, however, companies such as Ciba and Dupont have also introduced inorganic antibacterial agents.
The application of antibacterial materials in sanitary ceramics, paints, paints, etc. is a new field. Japanese companies such as TOTO and INAX have introduced antibacterial products in facilities such as sanitary ware and bathroom.
It is speculated that if the antibacterial agent used in Japan is 100, in Europe and America it is 1, and in China it is only 0.1-1. Japan established the Antimicrobial Products Technology Conference as early as 1993, and its corporate members such as antibacterial agents and antibacterial plastics developed, produced and users reached more than 250. According to the Japanese side, the capacity of the international antibacterial products market in Europe and the United States is 10 times that of the domestic market.
Second, the development and application of China's antibacterial materials industry
Chinese scientists have been tracking antibacterial agents and antibacterial and antifungal materials for more than a decade. For example, the inorganic antibacterial agents researched by the Northwest Institute of Nonferrous Metals and the Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwest Petrochemical Research Institute, and Guangdong Petrochemical Research There are a few companies, such as Anshan Yuyuan Antibacterial Agent Co., Ltd., which are developed by the hospital and other organic antibacterial and antifungal agents. However, due to the low research conditions and the starting point of investment, it has not been able to form its own research and development system for a long time, and the sporadic research results are far from the international level. On the other hand, China's economy has lagged behind the western developed countries for a long time, and the people's living standards are not high, so the market for antibacterial materials is developing slowly. Until the late 1990s, in addition to some applications in coating anti-corrosion, the application of antibacterial materials was almost a blank field.
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