The characteristics of jade carving in various historical periods

To talk about the characteristics of jade artifacts, we must start from the Neolithic Age. China's jade carving culture has a long history. It has a history of more than 7,000 years, and the jade in the Neolithic Age was in the "formation stage." Some jade artifacts have been very good, and the polishing is smooth and delicate. In the era of a long period of time, the techniques of carving and carving were gradually improved, laying the foundation for the “mature period” of jade manufacturing in the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

The jade articles of the Shang Dynasty began to enter maturity, with more straight lines and fewer corners; many were thick lines, and the thin lines were less compared; there were more negative lines and fewer yellow lines. Outside the perforation, the small and small, there is a so-called "horseshoe eye." The "double hook line" on the jade ware of Shang Dynasty (parallel inscribed double lines) is a major breakthrough in the history of jade carving.

乾隆时期玉器

Qianlong period jade

Completed in the Zhou Dynasty, the level of sophistication is more than ever. The lines of the tanning are the same as those of the Shang Dynasty, but the curved lines increase. The technique and shape design of Saitama are constantly improving, and the processing is trimmed and polished to make the utensils more beautiful.

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the "water sand" (Xie Yusha) began to be selected, and the craftsmanship method was further developed and shaped. From opening, making flowers to glazing, there have been levels. The technique is more detailed and complicated than that of the Shang Dynasty, and its specifications are more rigorous and decent.

In the Han Dynasty, the small pieces of jade were finely finished, and the large pieces of jade were rough. The knife method is simple and powerful, and it is known as the famous "Han Ba ​​Knife" in history. From the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, in addition to jade articles, stone carvings were more commonly influenced by Buddhism.

In the Tang Dynasty, common flowers, sunflower patterns and characters were flying. In particular, the lion beast is more refined, the knife method is not chaotic, the layout is even, thin and heavy, which has become a major feature of the Tang Dynasty jade. Of course, this is related to the overall cultural background of the Tang Dynasty.

The outstanding feature of the Song and Yuan Dynasties was that there was no rudeness in absenteeism. At this time, the jade is delicate and dexterous, with many small pieces and few large pieces. The flower and bird category, although not as good as the Tang people, is deeply influenced by the style of Chinese painting at that time, so it attaches great importance to its demeanor.

In the Ming Dynasty, the knife method was rough and powerful, and there was a “three-layer open-cut method”. The carving was very fine and had a style of the times. Beijing, Suzhou and Yangzhou at that time were the famous three major jade centers in China. Among them, Suzhou's jade craft is the first in the country. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the jade craftsmanship developed faster, and many masters of jade, such as Lu Zigang, Liu Wei, He Si, Li Wenzhao, Wang Xiaoxi, etc., were all masters of sophisticated small pieces. . Among them, Lu Zigang is the most famous, and the jade that he has made is called "Zigang Yu". However, in the last process of the Ming Dynasty, there was a phenomenon of “seeking shape and not seeking work”.

In the Qing Dynasty, jade carvings were exquisitely crafted, and the shape was realistic. There were many techniques such as “fancy color” and hollowing out and semi-relief. Therefore, a variety of jade pieces with a sense of three-dimensionality are too numerous to mention. During the Qianlong period, the jade carving began to enter its heyday, and the level of engraving reached its peak. Its exquisiteness far exceeded that of the Yuan and Ming dynasties.

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